Tuesday, August 03, 2010

Outcry of a tribal

Out of our day to day life, sometimes we see some figures on TV news channels, newspapers and articles, covering their faces may be hiding and symbolizing the gurella representation of army active in jungle area of madhyapradesh, bihar, orissa, Andhrapradesh and Mahararashtra. Listening or watching them when they have blasted a train or they have busted an Indian Army camp. Full credit should be given to media for making them ( Naxals and Maoist ) a perfact villain instead of putting a big question with a big force on home ministry of India that why innocent people are getting victimized by act of such intensity.
The idea of revolution support people from different social fronts and protect them from the outside forces which are continioulsy exploiting them. In areas where Naxals are active and giving active resistance to state forces strategically by helping them in arrenging funds ( collecting Tendu leaves and bamboo clums ) as well as the man power that they need in such difficult conditions, then they or their future generations deserve human conditions to live, where state has failed to provide them from last 50 years. In the same direction, if I start thinking then such long term engagement into showing continual resistance to state powers with help of tribal people, in all these regions these ideologies are failing in providing safe environment to tribal women and children and old men. Where as to keep the spirit of ideology alive in the mind and hearts of these tribal people, their leaders have to start looking after the areas like agriculture, health, food and shelter to provide the strength to their skeleton of ideology. Because continual war like situation is going to pose them like another terrorist group with in. And mostly the current administration or political establishment in these areas going to drive some political advantage and because of that Industrialization of these century old tribal culture is inevitable. Im not very interested in driving conclusion on the present situation but Im more interested in looking after these people who are an integral part to our society and culture and contribute to the development of their own society only when these people get the opportunity either from outside or from with in.

Thursday, April 15, 2010

Rahul Gandhi might be an illusion of Congress party, but today their partymen and media people are assuming him as part of reality. Im talking about the reality as if people are assuming him as replacement of Rajiv Gandhi or Sonia Gandhi in future.
In my opinion Gandhi family's rule over the congress party should end and people should start thinking beyond Gandhi as people had made this country not the Nehru-Gandhi family.

Monday, March 29, 2010

Sunday, March 28, 2010

Why Bombay became Mumbai?

Thursday, February 25, 2010

After Pune Blast

One shocking news for all, almost for all. But neither I or else are bothered more than what we saw and thought about the whole episode coverage in news channels about the pune blast case in recent times. I'm not in pune, so what, it can come to anyplace and anybody can become victim of it. Another piece of news will be produced and people who are living in different parts of country will show their sympathy over any such blast with victims and their family and friend. Then what? a silence. Is this a question in front of all that we need to create some noise inplace of silence in this regard. Even noise can fetch some attention from somewhere. Discision is ours if we have to live in fear and negligence of currupt political framework responsible for all this. Because security and safety of people is the sole responsibility of government  of any democratic country.

Atleast 9 terrorist incidents/attacks where bomb blast was main way of carrying out their operation had happened in Mumbai and Pune after 12 march 1993. In last 3-4 years there are several such incidents had taken place in small cities in India like Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hyderabad. I also dont want to focus on why such incidents are happening and what could be the motive after such attacks but simply I want to put forward a question that why are we so vulnerable? And why are not such attacks fails?

Every time we saw such an incident arround us, we pray and left ourselves in a state where we found our hands in our ass only. We dont speak or we dont want to speak. Both state of any individual shows his/her acceptance for security lapses and govermenal neglect. It is our right to speak and this is the time to speak about why any such terrorist attacks happen on any part of India? Why government is not making stateforward statements, if they know this is the agency or group behind this incident and we are goingt to take action against it. In stead of that always I found political representatives to play with words and indulge in active blame game. Im pretty much clear about if Pakistan is behind all such attacks then it must have branches of its core in India as well. Because it is not visibly/logically possible to put such plan in action without any internal help.
Last time after the pune blast next day I heard Chidambaram stating on a question, whether it was an intellegence failure or not? He clearly said, "No, its not. It is an insidious attack not like the one which we had on 26/11 in mumbai where 3-4 terrorists appeared with arms and started firing over innocent people.
I would say to Mr. Chidamabarm, though pune blast was an insidious attack but where does it matter if some attack is insiduous or not. If sombody loaded with an AK/47/57 or any automatic gun, and started firing at any public place in India, he can kill atleast 10-20 people in a go. So rather accepting that it was a conspicuous  intellegence failure  he was unwantedly putting some lame execuse after having the supreme post in the home ministry.
Security from any such organisation or group, who is involved in terrorist activites in India, whether it is internal or supported by external agencies outside India, it is our right and we need to speak up independently rather then showing false notion of 'mumbai sprit' thats what I saw after the 26/11 in mumbai and pune.  Today if we are ready to make some noise then definitely some day in near future it will become a strong voice Otherwise I may escape from such incident all the time but now all of us. It is going to happen any point of time and any place and we are going to be victim of it.

Sunday, February 14, 2010

Lucky days for Media

The day Im writing and posting this blog entry I feel, last one week and the next one is lucky and busy day for Indian Media, mostly TV channels. I like using 'Lucky' day for them in such situations when country is facing such tough time ( bomb blast in pune happend yesterday 7 pm), but News channels (all )who donot belive in spreading news or giving news to Aam Junta but only sell and create opinion based on the their own judgement. I mean its not very new experiance for me but again to repeat with, from last one week there is only one thing which they have shown us on channels or focused on.."SRK ( Shahruk Khan) Vs Sena over some statements made by SRK and protest done by Shiv Sena in Bombay and adjacent areas. It is misuse and overuse of media in some senses which is inappropriate and illegitimate for notion of having "Media bounded by rights and virtue". Today, I saw a shift in showing or creating content over news channels after the pune bomb blast where few seconds back they were showing the same shit that they were repeating from hours over MY NAME IS KHAN screeing in Maharashtra and security issues and suddenly all channels pouring the live telecast from pune after the bomb blast case. Even some of the channels like Aaj Tak , India TV, Star News, IBN 7 started showing the simulation of the sad event which took 11 lives till now.
Though I understand that how critical the situation is but the way news are shown on air might lead to undesired proof of concept for Terrorists? Shift of Television content is obvious after such events but again Im sure for next few days or weeks the same content will start repeating on the TV screens by different news channels in a way again as if there are no other news in whole world. Do we need all this? Same Barkha Dutt, will start questioning the security arrangements in some of the designed programmes where she donot end up in concluding things as question mark for people but bluntly impose her opinion under the shadow of a false notion of chauvinism. ( Somehow I dont understand why NDTV is a big fan of Congress as ruling goverment and Rahul Gandhi. Big question for me!! )
I'm damn sure that SRK and others ( whoever involved in the movie My Name is KHAN ) will be upset by this event of bomb blast in Pune, Maharashtra but sure it will affect the movie collections in some way or other. Because high alert ( it is raised every time after a bomb blast ) has been raised in Metros and other places. Tommorrow there will be too many check posts in different parts of cities in India and it will opportune Indian Police to have some bucks from Junta for their own safety ( It is I have seen in Pune during the mumbai blast 26/11/2008, If you are travelling by bike, then a  local police man can stop you anywhere and by no reason he will have 100 or 50 Rs or more than that from you as fee of his duty towards nation and her people ).
And since this blast had happned in Maharashtra then definitly Shiv Sena and Maharashtra Nav Nirman Sena ( MNS ) will not come on to Media framework as I believe that they done have any role to play in Blast as well or they dont have any importance for Media people and news agencies.
Though Im writing this on very small place but these are my feelings where news channels in India are not feeling their responsibilities in right sense which should have more human , ethical and law abiding face.

Wednesday, December 16, 2009

BJP and Pro-BJP, Congress and Pro-congress, or pro-development

Is it possible if somebody is pro-BJP then he/she could also be pro-Congress or some other party which is not ally to the congress? Does BJP match with hindutwa idelogy or Hindu Rashtra completely? and Congress opposes the same idea of Hinduism. Are they ( Congress ) scientific minds? Guarantor of  new  modern and progressive India. or Who can care about so called minorities? Minorities, Hindu-Muslim-Cristian-Parsis-Tribals-Jats-Jains-Gorkhas-SCs-STs.
if BJP talks about development and make it an agenda for last legislative assembly then congress also talks about the development with their own perspective but opposes BJP. This happened with both parties at same time. But if it is the democracy and lets assume the definition of development is same then how both parties can strech people along different directions to propose the idea of development which is not happening from last 60 years.
Either BJP or Congress or any other party, India still facing the bad time on political front. We as people are manupulated over certain issues many a times and again and again. We, who represents democracy, we represent parties.

Thursday, December 10, 2009

Telangana

Jawahar Lal Nehru again made a mistake when he constuted SRC ( state reorganization commission ) to prepare states on linguistic lines. And when this commission led by Justice Fazal Ali submitted the report not to  merge the two states Telengana and the then Andhra Region, because the common opinion was going against the merger, again then home minister Govind Vallabh Pant and congress party role out the unification of Telengana and Andhra State.
There was one agreement formed during the merger famously known as "Gentleman's agreement" between both stakeholders in which it was decided that developmental efforts will be put equally for both the regions and "Gentlemen's agreement" provided reassurances to the Telangana people as well to Andhra people in terms of power sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions in both parts.
The movement of separating both states taken shape again in 1960 onwards when defected leader from congress Mr. Chenna Reddy formed the Telengana People's association as these leaders complained that Telangana region is discriminated again and any of the point in Gentlemen's agreement never implemented or followed.
In view of such opinions students from Osmania University helped in intesifying the movement and later on it was joined by people from the Telangana Region with big support. Despite electoral successes, however, some of the new party leaders gave up their agitation in September 1971 and, much to the disgust of many separatists, rejoined the safer political haven of the Congress ranks.
Despite lessenning popularity of movement BJP ( Bharatiya Janta Party ) again promished a separate state to people in that region only if then came to power in 1990. BJP could not created the separate state as opposed by their coalition Telegu Desam Party. These development braught separate life to the movement by year 2000. Congress party MLAs from the Telangana region, supported a separate Telangana state and formed the Telangana Congress Legislators Forum.
In another development, a new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (or TRS) was formed with the single point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state, with Hyderabad as its capital lead by Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhar Rao popularily known as KCR. Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel.. all the agreements, accords, formulas, plans and assurances on the floor of legislature and Lok Sabha, in last 50+ years, could not be honoured and Telangana was forced to remain neglected, exploited and backward. The experiment to remain as one State proved to be a futile exercise and therefore, separation is found to be the best solution.
In 2004, assembly and parliamentary elections Congress formed the alliance with TRS with a promise of separate telangan state. Congress came to power in the centre and TRS joined the alliance and praposal for creation of separate Telengana state entered to the common minimum programme ( CMP ). In September 2006 TRS withdrew support for the Congress led coalition government at the centre on the grounds of indecision by the government over the delivery of its electoral promise to create Telangana.
Later on the movement again picks up and left the political mileage for TRS. Which again forced congress to rethink about the demand for separate Telangan state. Again TDP devided and then Nava Telangana Praja Party was created in which Devender Goud led the party which was deputy to the TDP.
In october 2008 TDP also shared the willingness to make separate Telengana state to loosen the grip of Congress led by YSR Reddy. After that all oposition front along with newly formed party Praja rajyam used the movement issue for gaining political mileage in the region. And there was motive to loosen the grip of congress over the state.
Congress party still says it is committed to Telangana statehood to gain political support from people in that region but it does not have convincing answer when it asked why it could not create Telangana state in last 50 years.Also it claims Muslim minorities are opposed to creation of separate state along with majority people.

After when TRS chief KCR pick up the fast untill death unless congress reached to conclusion point, what I found that reason for such pickup point is devided congress leadership in AndhraPradesh, missing YSR and madness among people for their leaders. I see these thing in people from southern states. When YSR dies few days back atleast 10 people died of suiside. Yesterday atleast 10 people again burned their ownself with Karocene on road for this movement. School , colleges , work arround the hyderbad and other parts have been closed down. Andhra people have became thougtless at this point of time when they require most of their thinking tht what they actually have and what exactly they need from government, from stateleaders and from whole India. Though our past was highly manupulated, though Telangana was merged because of political gains. But it is the time when we need to think, what innocent people's life metters. 10 people those who lost their lives yesterday never going to come back to see a separate state of Telangana or the prosperity of their people and leaders. It was possible only when they would be among people who are still fighting and never left the hope that they can not win their movement of any time unless they have to give their life. People from southern place need to think about this sincerely.

Friday, December 04, 2009

'84 again : Bhopal Gas Tragedy

Sometimes I or we forget the issue or concern very easily with time. And when news channels in today’s world highlight that tragedy with a sense of agonizing people, it comes to our mind. It may be a case again when we forget the story next day eventually but here I'm trying it to remember for some more time than usual. 

It happened in the night of 3 dec 2009. A US company Union Carbide which produced fertilizers in Bhopal, one of the underground tanks containing Methyl Isocyanides blasted due to pressure and low safety measures in the factory cost almost 3000 lives in few hours immediately. And over 50000 people were treated over the period of 3-4 days caused with swelling over eyes, blindness, and kidney or lever failures. Problems like Cancer, undeveloped organs during birth, malfunctioning of kidney and liver , respiratory problems manifested till date due to that tragedy. And responsibility held with people, government and Union carbide management who were responsible for such homicide which caused loss of thousands of lives because of their carelessness and ignorance ( as per the different reports and sources inadequate safety measures were taken and continual reminder of workers out there management took no decision to rethink about that. Few of the questions were left unanswered like why such vulnerable plant was put near to city? Why management did not take any action of the suggested standards? Where were Government at fault? Why people's voice never heard of unless they came out on the road or to extreme situations? Why justice still pending to the victim or survivors of Bhopal Gas tragedy?

"Mothers didn't know their children had died, children did not know their mothers had died and men didn’t know their whole families had died." --Ahmed Khan, Bhopal resident 


Well there are certain facts when NGOs and activist fought for the compensation then in Union carbide had paid 470 million $ to victims but people complain that it is inadequate in some senses. 
Indian government still waiting for the outcome of the US court hearing for Dow chemicals ( who owns the Union Carbide now ) to clear the site. The former chairman of Union Carbide, Warren Anderson, still faces charges of manslaughter in India but refuses to return to the country. After 25 years of tragedy people of Bhopal still waiting for the right judgment and compensation to come which can at least give them a feeling of beginning of fresh life without any cyanide killer around them , not even in the dream. Also justice is pending from the Indian government and law regulators whose negligence or compromise with whom those who have actual power( money ), left impression of such incident on the hearts and minds of their own people, which left nothing but only pain.


Initial deaths (3-6 December): more than 3,000 - official toll
Unofficial initial toll: 7,000-8,000
Total deaths to date: over 15,000
Number affected: Nearly 600,000
Compensation: Union Carbide pays $470m in 1989

Source: Indian Supreme Court, Madhya Pradesh government, Indian Council of Medical Research
 
There was one movie on this tragedy, Bhopal Express. It was very touching in some senses.

Details are also vailable at :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_disaster





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Monday, November 30, 2009

it's my life

"It's My Life"

This ain't a song for the broken-hearted
No silent prayer for the faith-departed
I ain't gonna be just a face in the crowd
You're gonna hear my voice
When I shout it out loud

[Chorus:]
It's my life
It's now or never
I ain't gonna live forever
I just want to live while I'm alive
(It's my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like Frankie said
I did it my way
I just wanna live while I'm alive
It's my life

This is for the ones who stood their ground
For Tommy and Gina who never backed down
Tomorrow's getting harder make no mistake
Luck ain't even lucky
Got to make your own breaks

[Chorus:]
It's my life
And it's now or never
I ain't gonna live forever
I just want to live while I'm alive
(It's my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like Frankie said
I did it my way
I just want to live while I'm alive
'Cause it's my life

Better stand tall when they're calling you out
Don't bend, don't break, baby, don't back down

[Chorus:]
It's my life
And it's now or never
'Cause I ain't gonna live forever
I just want to live while I'm alive
(It's my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like Frankie said
I did it my way
I just want to live while I'm alive

[Chorus:]
It's my life
And it's now or never
'Cause I ain't gonna live forever
I just want to live while I'm alive
(It's my life)
My heart is like an open highway
Like Frankie said
I did it my way
I just want to live while I'm alive
'Cause it's my life!

Saturday, November 28, 2009

Mother India

Well a bit unusual flick from bollywood. A female character was in the lead role in and around the movie. No drastic changes were made throughout the movie like Nargis ( Radha ) never motivated or try to change her any of the family members to do some exceptional things out of the box as if she also belong to the same place and she looked like a complete village woman, filled with courage and patience.  Nothing likes if Birju got inspired by his girl and try to get educated to put Lalaji on some hard rocks. Sunil Dutt saab was good and played a very sensitive role of that time.On one part of the story tells about the exploitation of Farmers, villagers and on the other hand it deals with the rage, agony in the heart of common Indian people against the money lenders and so called capitalists. Also it showed the age old clutches of poverty and illiteracy over Indian people mostly residing in villages.
When I was watching this movie,  some of the scenes were looking as real as if I have been part of the same story. Sometimes in past I have also seen such cases in my home town or near by villages. Though it may be 10 years back but I have seen farmers from nearby villages pleading in front of bank managers,  local money lenders, doctors, Government clerks , Rashanwallas and even seed distributers for least of their help or minimal cooperation. But as usual I had seen what I saw in the movie.
Best scene of the movie was when Nargis got angry over Sunil Dutt, his son and both of her son cooked food for Nargis and they try to convince her that Sunil Dutt ( Birju ) will never poke over other village girls.

Friday, November 27, 2009

Casino

I saw it with great interest but I found it as a clone to Good Fellas. Director, Writer seems to have same style of screenplay that I saw in Good Fellas. Else Ray Liotta was missing from the movie. Anyways I like the movie and finishing  line was Joe pescy and Robert de Nero were as good as they were in Good Fellas. Martin scorsese must have expertise on such subjects.

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Wednesday, November 25, 2009

What's eating Gilbert Grape

I dont know what I saw in the movie, it was complex. Simplest character was of Arnie's as he was flowing like a mad river here and there. But in a great control. May be Leonardo was actually talented boy at that time as well. But surely  Johnny's character was even more complex that why he let things away always from his hands. Lack of authoritative hand. He acted in the character brilliantly. Johnny was the central character, whose affinity towards his brother and family was very well shown in the movie. But strength in his role came after when  Becky ( Juliette Lewis ) came into different frames. Which let him think little about himself. That was the interesting part for the change which was coming into his character.
Sometimes I surprised that what sort of societies are they, which creates a different origin for writers who dealt with such stories and imagine such characters.
During the play sometimes I thought that I should not complete the movie because a sad yet happy ending was expected but not like this. In India it is almost impossible to fabricate characters and stories on such dimentions.
And also it depends if people are going to like such movies or not, which is a subject of great debate. Because in our part of society when does it happen like this?

I would surely be able to say one can watch this movie but not if not so then he had not miss anything.

Tuesday, November 10, 2009

After Maharashtra Vidhansabha fiasco, who got what?

Newspapers : Front Page news for a day and ofcourse the redmarked photo for the Abu Azmi saab.

News Channels: Whole day intellectual or non- intellectual engagements to show related to the incident.

Congress-NCP alliance: Another chance to weaken the MNS, Shiv Sena hold ( atleast in nagarpalika )in Maharashtra by projecting as this issue at the core of big blunder.

BJP: Nothing but a chance to stifle their own mistakes, ideology and to show sympathy with the victim ……….. (Fill in the blank) Abu Azmi Saab. Also in my opinion they should not have any alliance with a weak party like Shiv Sena.

Samajwadi Party : For them nothing exists out of Uttar Pradesh, But they can ban Maharashtrians in Uttarpradesh, when Mulayam would be in UP government next time after Mayavati. Also they can make some sort of propaganda to hurt Marathis in Mumbai or related areas ( Its hypothetical completely, If it takes place, then don’t blame me ). Or also they can educate people about the falsehood created by Raj thackrey.

MNS ( Maharashtra NavNirman Sena ): They are in limelight again. But for how much time? I guess until Marathi People don’t understand the actual value to Maharashtrian-pride.

Abu Azmi Saab : Another chance to learn Marathi.

Barkha Dutt : Topic to stop the Buck. I don’t know who many identities are going to be stopped by her. Actually today she asked one question to Abu Azmi saab that ,” Sir, Ab aap Marathi seekhenge ki nahi “. In reply to her he told him that “ Madam, Main Jaroor seekhonga, Marathi Meri Maa ki tarah hai, Lekin main apni Matra bhasha ka bhi apmaan nahi sehs sakta. Main Marathi seekhoonga , taki Maharashtra ke logo ki problem sahi se samajh sakoo, na ki raj thackrey jaise logo ke dar se, is galatfehmi main von na rahe” .

MTV: May be, they might found some thing on this as well to show something on Yungistan. In India they can connect to any political issue these days through their program.

NDTV : They don’t show news these days but try to opinioned people from the view of congress window. So congress’s view on this is their opinion as well as the news for them.

Aaj tak news channel :This channel has real potential to create an animated view of How Azmi Saab was beaten up in Vidhaan Sabha by MNS MLAs and give elongated version of the incident.

India TV new channel: Chance to show bullshit as always.

People of Maharashtra and India: They can have opinions like “ Ye Desh kha jar aha hai” , “ Jai Maharashtra” , “ Baat to sahi hai, Marathwada main Marathi nahi bolenge to kya bolenge” etc. etc.

Home Minister R R Patil : By change he completed his oath, otherwise I could not have chance to write about him assuming him as home minister. By the way he don’t do anything.

Thursday, September 17, 2009

What is law? any thoughts??

How image works?

Complexity starts when image created inside our mind. Then we correlate it with imagination. But all senses decide over creation of image or imagination at the same time. And its very less time taking. Again if a sense is down then the otherone will help in creating an image or imagination. I mean if image are only captured through eyes then when it is not with human then other senses will help in creating imagination but still I think that area as unexplore for me atleast because Ihave never talked to a blind but definitly other senses must create a sense of imagination which should be completely different from any sort of imagery which we can imagination. Infact we can say in short that it is out of our language which is completely full of symbols again or again certain kind of images.But surely all these symbols or images captured in the memory over the period of time till you are able to see through eyes or feel through your other senses. So one can sense anything and which lead to individual talent to be imaginative. But one sense can supress the imagination of the the other. Very complex!!huh

Thursday, August 13, 2009

Violence within the violent self.

Few days back I was just thinking about thinking, my thinking. Which allows me to think about a situation when I felt very violent about being violent of feeling the things around me. I felt, what is the need to go for job every day if I dont want to do the same everyday, but at the same time why to shit everyday as well or to eat everyday? How have we modulated or accommodated our self/myself to such an unwanted situation of following things in which I'm least interested into. And after that I felt that I should break everything coming into my way. I mean, not very violently but silently by improving upon the control schemes exists with in ourselves. Do we actually thing what we need actually or are we only fighting for survival?
I somehow feel, if education and our culture have played a crucial role in developing our perspective and behavior. I seriously noted few points on the behavior and style of life that we practice without any reason and cause. Like we don’t do anything on Sundays and Saturdays and why do we feel for not doing any thing on these days. No one knows, but it is habitual. It was written in our spiritual textbooks that one should wakeup early in the morning but how is it missing in urban people. More people are involved in political commentaries as they know everything about future and past of India and her inhabitants. Violence inflicted upon them if What are we replenishing continuously? Where do our interests lie? Do we believe in our action? And what I do?

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

Love, Aaj kal



Surrprise....It is ofcourse a movie from the time of Aaj Kal. I dont understand if Aaj Kal was used for our times or both but significantly the older part of movie was visibly eloquent . But today's part was hard to digest and the 'Khula Saand' phrase for Saif is rubbish to use. Couple was in relationship but I felt if they are biologically professional. Missing with dialogues. Even I feel the dialogues were quite random or week when value was given to individual people on the screen. The expressions by Harleen on some places were priceless. That reminds of the times in 50es if I want to be there to observe such a beauty and value to individual characters and their expressions. However, characters of Saif and Deepika were built along weak lines..ofcourse the one one from our times which was quite unrealistic to talk about at all. But how does movie performing in the market if it is not as good as the 'Jab We met'? So there could be possibility of No good Movie time zone recently and Saif/Deepika factor. However, one can watch this movie but can not remember; of course it is without any message.

Thursday, July 30, 2009

Gandhi, Nehru, Gaffar Khan, Patel and Maulana Ajad

From left to right : Pandit jawahar lal nehru, Khan abdul gaffar khan, sardar vallabh bhai patel, Maulana Azad and Mohan das karamchand gandhi.